The Misanthrope Essays - The Misanthrope, Operas,

The Misanthrope The Misanthrope was not like anything one may hope to find in an advanced showy creation. The exchange that was spoken between the entertainers was difficult to comprehend as a group of people part. Moliere's play is done in exemplary stanza group, implying that the play was done totally in rhyme. An expansion deterrent for the on-screen characters was the language was not refreshed to the current method of talking. Customarily plays that are kept in the first language get grumblings structure their crowds about the powerlessness to appreciate the play on the grounds that a large portion of the crowd's time was spent attempting to make sense of what the entertainers were stating. Simultaneously, on-screen characters must know about exaggerating their developments and motions so they don't go down the way of feared sign. This creation of the Misanthrope was a touch of ailing in the general nature of the exhibition on the grounds that most of the entertainers were experiencing difficul ty beating the language obstruction. The play opens with a discussion between Alceste, played by Geoff Wilson, and Philinte, played by Stan Q. Wash. Alceste demonstrates himself to be critical about the intentions of individuals and Philinte demonstrates himself to be exceptionally earnest accepting that individuals ought to be thoughtful to one another regardless of whether it implied putting on a bogus face. We gain proficiency with this through Alceste and Philinte's remarks on a sonnet composed by their companion Oronte, played by Blake Bowen. Alceste thinks it is terrible while Philinte thinks it is magnificent. Philinte additionally says that Alceste was excessively gruff and could have relaxed his analysis. Afterward, Alceste chooses to go see Celimene, played by Kelly Ann Ford, and discussion about their relationship. He reveals to her that she ought to dispose of the remainder of her admirers and she demands that he is her solitary genuine sweetheart. The remainder of the admirers at Celimene's loft accept equi valent to Alceste. As they're talking, Oronte enters with the marshal who enlightens Alceste to apologize to Oronte regarding the remarks he made on his sonnet. At that point Acaste, played by Brian Levin, and Clitandre, played by Jeff Radue, contend over who is the better sweetheart for Celimene. After that circumstance, Arsinoe comes in to stand up to Celimene about her character. They examine the issue heatedly and Arsinoe doesn't prevail with regards to putting down Celimene. At long last after these discussions, Alceste carries a letter to the consideration of everybody. It is a letter from Celimene to Oronte. He attempts to stand up to Celimene about it, however she denies any such letter. Alceste needs to leave every one of these issues he is having, yet Philinte persuades him to remain and thoroughly consider everything. At that point Oronte goes to Celimene to discover whom she genuinely adores and afterward the entirety of the others come in soon after. While the entirety of the characters are together Acaste peruses his letter from Celimene that unveils her inclination about everybody. When this was uncovered, Clitandre and Acaste conclude that she does not merit their time so they leave. Oronte leaves her with a couple of words and afterward Arsinoe scolds her. Alceste pardons her and still needs to be with her. She truly wouldn't like to be with him and afterward Alceste concludes that she is truly not worth his time and he truly doesn't care for her. Philinte and Eliante choose to get hitched and make it their obligation to make Alceste glad. Despite the fact that this creation coming up short on the language boundary there were some all around depicted minutes in the play. The entertainer who depicted Celimene, Kelly Ann Ford, and the on-screen character who depicted Alceste, Geoff Wilson, made a magnificent showing in passing on their expected message to the crowd. The character of Alceste is intended to take care of business fixated on reality, high ethics, and the quest for insight; as needs be his physical activities ought to show this in some shape or structure. Alceste plainly was focused in his mind, they way he held himself, mirrored this, as he generally had his head marginally improved and looked downward on, truly, everybody. Celimene, then again, was unmistakably focused on her chest. She enjoyed all the consideration and was a very glad lady, as showed during her

Media Bias in Politics Essay

Journalistic prejudice is fit as a fiddle in legislative issues. It is a â€Å"term used to depict bias in news and media reports, in which it is seen as an awkwardness or out of line introduction of realities or specific announcing of which occasions or realities are accounted for. † Media inclination is available in each part of American legislative issues, and assumes a huge job in impacting voters’ assessments and convictions. The media outlines the data that voters use inside their dynamic procedure. Therefore, many have voiced their anxiety that the media might be ordinarily mutilating political conclusion. Journalistic spin can make voters inclination, and thus, predisposition strategy choices. It is an endless loop that can either represent the moment of truth a candidate’s crusade, just as their odds of getting an office seat. It can make a scoundrel out of an applicant or make him/her a saint. The media influences the publics’ enthusiasm for governmental issues by giving the individuals what they need to see and hear. Inside a battle, the media will concentrate on the issues that they consider to be the most significant. Different issues will be disregarded, or set as a second thought. This goes for up-and-comer inclusion too. The media will concentrate on the competitors they consider generally significant, and the others will be disregarded. One of the most noticeable instances of journalistic prejudice in governmental issues goes back to the principal broadcast Presidential discussion among Kennedy and Nixon in 1960. It indicated exactly how one-sided the media was toward open figures that overflowed mystique and harbored a compelling enthusiastic nearness. It discolored the battles of those whose atmospheres were less captivating. On TV, Kennedy appeared to the overall population as youthful, lively; brimming with charm, and obviously, â€Å"television friendly†. Nixon then again, appeared to the overall population as old and uninteresting, not reasonable for TV. A survey led after the broadcast banter proposed that radio audience members thought Nixon had won, while watchers at home idea Kennedy had won, by an embarrassing margin. Obviously, Kennedy developed as the primary President â€Å"made for television†. Numerous political applicants utilize the intensity of â€Å"image,† anticipated by the media, to impact watchers. When running for President, Bill Clinton utilized the media to further his potential benefit, showing up on syndicated programs where he played his saxophone. To people in general, this caused him to show up all the more a â€Å"people person†, progressively open, and increasingly charming. Barack Obama did likewise, showing up on the View, SNL, and a few other television shows. The media cherished this carefree side of Obama, and from this anticipated picture, so did the American individuals. Other political applicants have had horrendous karma with journalistic spin. Ron Paul is a prime model. The media depicted Ron Paul as the joke of the 2008 Presidential political race. He got next to no inclusion. He was â€Å"that exhausting, old person with the unprecedented Libertarian sees. † He didn't speak to the American individuals, and subsequently, was viewed as â€Å"unelectable. † Media predisposition is additionally known to incredibly influence ladies competitors. An ongoing report indicated that men got significantly more press inclusion than ladies. Men had about twice the same number of stories expounded on them than ladies. Moreover, investigate indicated that anecdotes about female up-and-comers were enthusiastic about accentuating their physical appearance and individual lives. There were roughly three fold the number of physical depictions (referencing their apparel style, hair, age, and so forth ) as their male rivals in the race. Besides, ladies up-and-comers were depicted in a cliché light, as being increasingly enthusiastic and as a rule, their expert titles were prohibited from stories. In the 2008 presidential political decision, Obama was unquestionably more unmistakable in the press than his female rival, Hillary Clinton. The two up-and-comers declared their run for administration in January of 2007. Regardless of the way that Clinton had higher survey appraisals than Obama, the six most persuasive papers in the United States ran twice the same number of stories referencing Obama in the title text than Clinton that month. Sarah Palin is another lady competitor/â€Å"victim† of negative journalistic prejudice. A lot of the media inclusion that Palin has accumulated has been negative. The media concentrated a lot on her physical appearance and her family life. During her battle, her 17-year-old little girl, Bristol, got pregnant, and the media heartlessly utilized that to slam Palin’s child rearing abilities, bringing individual life into legislative issues. The media addressed â€Å"how can Palin be a decent president on the off chance that she can’t be a decent mother? † Furthermore, the media condemned Palin for not remaining at home to think about her debilitated youngster who had been brought into the world with Downs Syndrome. Maybe it is this severe journalistic prejudice towards ladies that frightens them off from the political field. The media is powerful in governmental issues, past, present, and future. For the individuals who don't set aside the effort to instruct themselves on issues of legislative issues, they rely upon the media to show the news in a promptly available structure. It turns out to be anything but difficult to get a handle on how critical the media is, and what the impacts of the news on society will be. Journalistic spin can represent the deciding moment a political competitor. Positive and regular media inclusion wins races. Negative and additionally insignificant media inclusion loses decisions. A few up-and-comers have figured out how to utilize the media to further their potential benefit, while others have little control, incapable to recoup from the scars left from negative journalistic prejudice. Journalistic spin will always be a piece of American legislative issues, and to be in support of its invites achievement.

Does Marijuana Affect Driving Skills

Does Marijuana Affect Driving Skills Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Print How Does Marijuana Affect Driving? Chance of Crashing Increases If You Choose to Drive High By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 16, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 23, 2019 Alexandra Draghici/Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Cocaine Heroin Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Using marijuana can impair your judgment, motor coordination, ability to concentrate, and slow your reaction time. Therefore, it can impair your driving skills. Anytime the skills needed to drive safely are impaired, even slightly, the chances of having an auto crash increase. Specifically, studies have found that marijuana use affects the drivers concentration and ability to perceive time and distance. This may lead to poor speed control, drowsiness, distraction, and the inability to read road signs accurately. The Chances of Crashing Increases More than one research study has found a direct link between THC (the psychoactive chemical in marijuana)  concentration in the blood and impaired driving skills. An analysis of several studies has found that the risk of being involved in a motor vehicle crash significantly increases after using marijuana.  Another meta-analysis estimates that the risk of a crash that results in serious injury or death doubles after marijuana use.   In the 2015 Traffic Safety Facts: Drug and Alcohol Crash Risk report, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) notes that THC increased crash risk by 1.25 times. This figure took into account contributing factors such as alcohol use and testing procedures for intoxication, so it is actually lower than some contradictory reports. Some studies also note that high-risk groups for car accidents are those most likely to use marijuana. Most notably, this is young men in their late teens and 20s. This could play a factor in some of the statistics as well. Teenage Marijuana Use by the Numbers Higher Levels, Higher Risks When drivers are involved in auto crashes, the drivers with THC in their blood are more likely to be the driver responsible for the accidents. This is compared to drivers who were not using drugs or alcohol. It is particularly true when THC is found at higher levels. When marijuana use is combined with alcohol, the risk of having a highway mishap is significantly greater â€"  much greater than with either drug used by itself. With the two combined their effect on driving skills are not added, they are multiplied, research shows. Driving While Stoned Is Becoming Common Research from the NHTSA  indicates that when drivers are killed in motor vehicle crashes, drugs and alcohol are involved about 11 percent of the time. The NHTSA report also shows an increase in the number of drivers who have tested positive for marijuana. They state that one in four drivers tested had THC in their system. Increases in driving while under the influence of marijuana is attributed to the recent legalization and popularization of medical and recreational cannabis in many U.S. states. Some drivers who use marijuana claim that smoking weed actually improves their concentration and  therefore, their driving skills. Researchers have  concluded that this might be true for the first few minutes of driving. However, marijuana users can soon become weary, bored, or distracted and their attention can begin to drift. Problems With These Studies The NHTSA, CDC, and almost every researcher that studies this issue do note that there are concerns with the marijuana-impaired driving statistics. One glaring problem is the testing procedures because THC can be detected in a persons system for days or weeks at a time. Unlike roadside tests  for blood alcohol content, the tests currently used for marijuana can pick up traces even if the person is not impaired at the time of a crash. They may have smoked the day before or even earlier and the tests will still be positive. The CDC notes that multiple drugs in a persons system make it difficult to determine which contributed to a crash. Also, drivers are not always tested for drugs, particularly if they already have an illegal blood alcohol concentration level. All of these factors can throw off data used in scientific studies. The Risks Do Remain Despite these concerns, the research does show that marijuana impairs a persons ability to drive. Also, though the laws vary by state, it is illegal to drive impaired in the United States. Using marijuana and driving while impaired can have serious legal consequences. As a conclusion, the CDC says that the safest option is not to have any alcohol or drugs in your system at all. DUI Laws by State

The Sublime Savage Caliban on Setebos - 1106 Words

The Sublime Savage: Caliban on Setebosnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;Caliban my slave, who never / Yields us kind answer.nbsp; (The Tempest, I.ii.310-1)nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Caliban on Setebos was one of Robert Brownings more popular poems among the Victorians, for its presumed satire of orthodox Calvinism, Puritanism, and similarly grim Christian sects. And Browning as Shakespeares savage does indeed seem to hurl a few barbs in that direction, but the poets exercise seems to be as much one in alternative theology. Calibans bog-bound conjectures, in their significant departures from standard religious doctrine, serve as both an interesting repudiation of Archdeacon Paleys attempts to rationalize God, and as an†¦show more content†¦26) as almost a creative afterthought. The concept of a deity who dwelleth i the cold o the moon (l. 25) influences all of what is to come, for Calibans unhappy living conditions become Setebos, Calibans yoke of drudgery in an unhappy home the kernel for a limited deity ill at ease: / He hated that He cannot change H is cold / Nor cure its ache (ll.31-33). From the very beginning, Calibans nocturnal habits and marginal humanity have produced an interesting variant on traditional religion: that the eventual result will have some resemblances to Brownings rejected orthodox Calvinism is both an interesting philosophical twist and an effective satire. nbsp; Caliban proceeds, Descartes-like, to further deduce the existence, personality, and behavior of his deity, all based on his own condition. Archdeacon Paleys similar natural theology soon becomes ridiculous-looking in comparison with Brownings counter-example. For what Calibans musings most reveal is Calibans own self-serving egotism: with almost every point he proposes, he relates a story or theory of himself in a similar situation, describes his behavior, then attributes the same to Setebos with the recurrent, terse refrain so He. nbsp; Caliban dislikes his condition and wishes he could create servants, distractions, baubles: so Setebos. Caliban, enslaved by a sometimes capricious Prospero, believes in the power of the stronger working

Differences in the American and Ecuadorian Culture Essay

Tyler Copier Autoethnography Com. 3190 Differences in the American and Ecuadorian Culture Culture makes up who we are, what we believe and how we behave. About four years ago, I had the opportunity to live in Ecuador. I found the relationships and communication perspective to be very interesting and after spending two years there, I was able to notice several distinct intercultural differences between the American and Ecuadorian cultures. Since my analysis of Ecuador is only based off of my personal experience, I’ve also invited my friend Luis Salas from Quito, Ecuador who is currently attending Brigham Young University to give his own insights. By gaining his perspective of what it’s like to live in America as an†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Whether it’s international politics or economic trends, there is always going to be some level of uncertainty in any culture.† (Davidson). I noticed that Ecuador is very different from the U.S. in its acceptance of uncertainty. Most everyone works for their specific needs and not their wan ts, risk is not affordable in the Ecuadorian Culture. Failing to succeed at any sort of risk could cost someone everything that they’re worth. Most of them are very comfortable with their finances, and find no reason to take a risk. Luis says that he noticed from the beginning of his time spent in the U.S., that he has noticed that we take more risks when it comes to money. He also stated that he appreciates the American ways in that change is acceptable to us. We view change as a good thing that adds variety to our lives. Luis recognized that taking risks has allowed many people to be successful. The fact that the idea of risk is new to Luis concurs that the U.S. has lower uncertainty avoidance. I imagine that since the U.S. is made up of several successful companies and distributions, taking a risk would not be as â€Å"risky† as taking a risk somewhere else with high uncertainty avoidance such as Ecuador. Since the action of taking a risk could always result negatively in a down fall of something, it is predictable why so many people would be against doing so. In a place such as theShow MoreRelatedLiving Up to Ethical and Social Responsibilities: The Case of Occidental Petroleum Corporation1394 Words   |  6 PagesLiving Up to Ethical and Social Responsibilities: The Case of Occidental Petroleum Corporation Introduction The recent assassination of a U.S. ambassador in Libya and the rampant anti-American sentiments being expressed in other parts of the world is proof positive that many American-based multinational are faced with a hostile operating environment that demands informed and timely responses. 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Many threats that indigenous people in particular encounter fall under the header of ethnocidal interactions with foreign parties in which missionaries, governments, and corporations come into indigenous-held areas and destroy their cultures, often deliberately. These outsiders will often believe that they are helping savage indigenous people by civilizingRead MoreYasuni Itt7226 Words   |  29 Pagesa symbolic example of the dispute of the logic of â€Å"capitalist development†: the Yasunà ­-ITT6 Initiative. This project consists of keeping the oil underground (not drilling for it) in one of the most mega-diverse areas of the world, located in the Ecuadorian Amazon. In that sense it is a concrete example of the ways a society of good living can be built. The framework for this analysis is a discussion taking place globally among a certain branch of Leftist thought that believes that what is most progressive

Humanities-Ancient Greece Free Essays

Ancient Greece and Roman civilization comparison The first Olympic games were held in Olympia, Greece. These games were part of the â€Å"Panhellenic Festival, instituted in 776 B. C. We will write a custom essay sample on Humanities-Ancient Greece or any similar topic only for you Order Now E in honor of the Greek gods†. The Olympic games occur in an every â€Å"four-year periods beginning with the first games in 776 B. C. E. † The Greeks had many sports such as, â€Å"200-yard sprint, footrace, wrestling, long jump, and boxing. † Greek athletes competed nude. However, women were not allowed to compete in the Olympic games. The Greeks believed that a â€Å"true sport was that which gave athletes an opportunity to rival the divinity of the gods. In contrast to Greece, the Romans had a â€Å"variety of brutal blood sports. † Gladiator fights were â€Å"introduced in Rome in 264 B. C. E. † These games would symbolize the power of the emperors. In Rome, these events were held in the Coliseum. Gladiators fought wild animals. â€Å"Most Gladiators were criminals, prisoners of war, or slaves. † They were trained in schools and were forced to take part in the events. The Olympic games and Gladiator fights are different because in Greec e it was mostly sport festivals, while in Rome it was representation to honor the emperors. Greek architecture monuments were designed to serve the living. One of the many type of Greek architectural structures is the Parthenon. It is a temple dedicated to Athena, the goddess of war. Built in glittering Pentelic marble. The Parthenon represents the â€Å"apex of a long history of post-and-lintel temple building among the Greeks. † The functions of the Parthenon, was to â€Å"display statues of the gods, for the rulers to go and sacrifice and worship in as a recognition of the protection provided by the gods. In contrast, Roman architecture reflected the practical needs of the empire. The Romans are considered one of the greatest architects of ancient times. Also the Romans made good use of the â€Å"aqueducts, arches, vaults and domes. † For example, the Pantheon is â€Å"a temple dedicated to the seven planetary deities. † Its exterior is covered with a â€Å"veneer of white marble and bronze. † The Pantheon has many features such as, â€Å"a portico with eight Corinthian columns originally elevated by a flight of stairs that now lie buried beneath the city street. Greek and Roman architecture are similar because Roman architecture was based on the knowledge of the Greeks. Although there’s a difference because Greeks used single row columns for actual structural support, while the Romans were progressing technologically and using rows of concrete columns for luxury purposes. The arts in Greek were based on Humanism, Realism, and Idealism. The Greeks used the abstract geometric methods in their paintings. For example, Greek artists painted their â€Å"ceramic wares with angular figures and complex geometric patterns arranged to enhance the shape of the vessel. Greeks painted mythology, literature, and everyday life in â€Å"waters jars, wine jugs, storage vessels, drinking cups and bowls. † In contrast, the Roman art was based in Pictorial Realism paintings. The Romans decorated their â€Å"meeting halls, baths, and country villas that were inspired by Greek murals. † Roman art was illustrated in mosaics. This is a technique by which â€Å"small pieces of stone or glass are embedded into wet cement surfaces or plaster surfaces. † Also Romans illustrated landscapes to show affection to their pleasure of nature. It’s clear that Greek art and Roman art are different because both civilizations used different techniques for their art and showed different interested in what they were trying to portray in their paintings. Roman art was based in Realism while Greek art was more Idealistic. Greek literature was based in the Classical Style in Poetry. This is a combination of the â€Å"arts prevailed in most forms of religious ritual and in public and private entertainment. † For example, Hellenic literature was filled with passion and tenderness written in lyric poetry. In contrast, Roman literature reveals a masterful use of Latin literature. Romans use literature for the purposes of â€Å"entertainment, instruction, and record keeping. † A Roman notable style of literature is the Roman Epic Poetry style. For example, â€Å"Rome’s foremost poet-publicist, Virgil wrote the semi legendary epic that immortalized Rome’s destiny as world ruler. † Virgil’s poems were not an oral tradition but a literacy epic. His work became the â€Å"monumental impact of Latin language. † Greek literature and Roman Literature are similar because they both include comedies, poetry and epics. Also Greek literature dealt with myths while Roman Literature was based on triumphs. How to cite Humanities-Ancient Greece, Essay examples

Palliative and Rehabilitation Care Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Palliative and Rehabilitation Care. Answer: Introduction The World health Organization (WHO) its definition on palliative care is an active total/holistic care on those patients whose ailments/diseases are not responding to the curative treatment schedule. It involves pain control and all the other symptoms that causes distress to the patient. It is holistic as it involves the psychological, spiritual and social aspects of the patient. The number one goal of palliative care is to ensure that the patients and the patients family gets the best life quality. Palliative care is a multidisciplinary care. It would not be realistic to expect one profession to handle the patient assessments, interventions and monitoring. The persons with chronic ailments or those who are undergoing palliative care requires rehabilitation as their diseases disables them either physically or psychologically and in some cases both. Palliative care has several principle that guides on patient care (Fallon and ONeill, 2016). One of the principles is, it affirms life an d also considers death as a normal process. Second, it does not fasten death or shorten life. Third, its main goal is to improve the quality of life by pain and distress relief. Fourth, it offers a support life to both the patient and the family till death. Rehabilitation of the persons with disabilities is primarily aimed at ensuring that the patients are able to attain and maintain an optimum sensory, physical, intellectual, social and psychological functional levels. Rehabilitation ensures that the people with disabilities are provided with the necessary tools so as to be able attain self-independency and self-determination. Vaughn et al, (2016) recognizes rehabilitationnursing as a specialization that majors in taking care of the persons with disabilities and those with lifelong illnesses for as long as the live. For rehabilitation the following are the requirements. The nurse needs to led interventions, should lead in patients care and management, should promote on health and s uccessful living, and lastly they should demonstrate inter professional care (communication and reporting). Principles of palliative care For successful palliative care the following principles should be adhered to (Brunner and suddarth, 2013). There should be a caring attitude. This is whereby there is demonstration of empathy, compassion and sensitivity to the patient. All aspects of the patients are taken care of not only the medical aspect. It is non-judgmental. The patients individuals factors should not determine the quality delivery of care. The second principal is on the consideration of the individuality. Every patient is unique. There might be patients with a similar condition but their needs varies. For patient centered care to be achieved. The psychosocial needs are not met when patients in palliative care focusses to its patients in wholesome. The patients mental and physical needs at the end of life are being assessed and recognized. The care given to this patients is patient and family centered. The needs of the patients are assessed and documented regularly. The changes in their health status is monitor ed and documented regularly. The mental needs of the patient are met, this includes depression and anxiety. Thirdly, the cultural consideration. This is a factor that not only applies to palliative care but it cuts through the medical field. To achieve patient centered care, the racial, ethnic and religious factors are to be respected and put into consideration. Fourth is consent, palliative care is just like any other care. Before initiating/withdrawing any treatment consent is asked for. Many patients appreciates shared decisions although many physicians ignores this fact. Fifth, is the choice of site of care? It is recommended that patients with terminal illness should be nursed at home, although in most developed countries there are other options. For example thenursing homes where they are cared for until they die. Sixth, Communication. As mentioned above palliative care is a multidisciplinary process. For coordination there should be good communication between the different de partments so as to achieve quality patient care. This principles are put into practice by having appropriate treatment to the patient. The treatment should be appropriate to the stage the patient is in their disease and prognosis. Patient neglect is avoided. The life of the patient should not be cut short or prolonged. Its quality should be improved. There should be a comprehensive inter-professional care. The care to the patient should be excellent. There should be a consistency in the medical care. There should be a plan of care for the patients which is reviewed regularly (Smith, S., 2014). This reduces the unexpected and sudden alterations that can cause distresses to the patient and the family. It lessens the medical crises that are usually frightening to the patient and relatives. There should be coordination of care. This factor cannot be over emphasized. There should be continuity of care. This is care given to the patient from the time they are referred to an institution to the time they die. The other important component is on crisis prevention. A good palliative care includes strategies to prevent emotional and physical crises that are anticipated to occur as the disease progresses. The families and the patient should be informed of the future problems that may occur and ways to avoid them. Preparedness. There should be care giver support. As the das progresses the patient demands more attention. The success or failure of palliative care depends on the support and care provided by the caring relatives. There should be continued reassessment. Due to the increment of the clinical problems as their diseases progresses (Michel, M., 2015). Psychosocial state, pain and other physical needs should be assessed, monitored and evaluated regularly. The advanced care planning. This includes how to break the bad news to the patient and the relatives. The treatments regimes. The communication of the prognosis. Being admitted in a palliative program, having to be fed on artificial feeds and artificial hydrations. The medications such as antibiotics. The mercy killing that is the do not resuscitate order. The decisions should be individualized and should be discussed by the patient and the family. Rehabilitation concepts in New Zealand The Australasian Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine (2014); the Royal Australasian College of Physicians (2014). New Zealand Rehabilitation Association (2014) redefined the concepts of rehabilitation and came up with a new strategy to change the old New Zealand rehabilitation strategy. The new strategy aims at ensuring that people who get disabilities through injuries or experiences diseases gets the support they require optimally for their recovery and also should aid in decreasing the secondary complications by ensuring there are skilled personnels and the person at risk gets timely rehabilitation services. New Zealand rehabilitation systems had not been at pace with the new developments and advances in rehabilitation, the services that were being offered 40 to 50 years ago they are still the same. This was disadvantageous to the New Zealanders. With the adoption of the new rehabilitation strategies there was improvements. The New Zealand signed a United Nations Convention on the R ights of the persons with disabilities. There were standard rules for rehabilitation. The main aim of the strategy is to ensure that there is a guidance policy and practice of the professions with disability. It also aims at improving the health, functioning abilities and the well-being of the New Zealanders who get disabled due injuries or diseases. It also aims on reducing the family and the individual burden due to the impairment. It focusses on establishing an independence and a functional ability so as to reduce the support needed.it reduces the societal disability cost. It also improves on the participation outputs and abilities to be able to contribute to ones community, family and the economy at large. It does this by ensuring that life returns back to normal and one assume their roles. Its goal was to ensure there is that there is equity of the rehabilitation services. To ensure that rehabilitation services are accessible to all. The policy on rehabilitation stipulates that there should be rehabilitation services to people with disabilities so as to ensure they are able to get and maintain their optimum level of functioning and independence. James (Jimmy) McGregor. A 68 year old patient with prostate cancer. It is a terminal illness that requires palliative care so as to improve on the quality of life of Jimmy. The illness disables Jimmy, he has self-care deficiency and requires to be taken care of. The palliative care also aims at rehabilitating him making him attain independency and self-determination. Firstly, there was no continued care in the case of Jimmy. He was diagnosed and treated for cancer five years ago. There was no follow up reassessment and evaluation. The metastasis of the prostate cancer is diagnosed years later. If there was reassessment and continued care this would have been caught early enough. Secondly, Jimmys choice of care is not taken care of. His wife feels unable to take care of him. This angers Jimmy as he does not contemplate to be treated far from him. He even confesses that if he is forced to be cared outside he will end his life. This shows that he is depressed and can commit suicide. This is an indicator that h is psychosocial and mental needs have not been met. This is one of the fundamental principals in palliative care. Thirdly, the physical needs have not been met. He has an ulcer on his leg. This is a distress to his body and on top of that he gets an allergic reaction during its treatment. This shows there is poor inter professional networking. Fourthly, the advanced care plan seems to have not been done properly. The patient and the family were not informed about the reoccurrence of the ailment after its treatment five years ago. They were not informed that care of the patient is lifelong. Lack of this information is what makes the family and the patient panic (Worden, J., 2015). Lastly the drinking and smoking of Jimmy. He is a known hypertensive patient. This behavior is a challenge to the management of this condition. He needs rehabilitation so that he can stay without. He needs a well-planned care plan so as to ensure he gets quality care and his life is of quality till death. I t will also anticipate the future crises and offers solution. Conclusion Palliative and rehabilitation care are essential when dealing with patients who develops disabilities either through injuries or by having an ailment that renders them disabled. They are both multi-disciplinary. They require coordination from other firms/departments. They all aims at improving the quality of life of the patient and also helping the patient to attain their independence and self-determination as quickly as possible. This is achieved through palliative and rehabilitation services that involves; continuous care, advanced treatment plan, support. From the Jimmy case above New Zealand evidently shows that it still has a long way to go so as to achieve its goals on rehabilitation. The new Zealanders are still not getting the palliative and rehabilitation services in a timely manner. They are also lacking the skilled health care providers. Jimmy has no caregiver. The wife has given up on him despite that he requires personal assistance as he has self-care deficit. He is stil l a drunkard and a smoker despite having been treated in the health institution for years. This means that no one identified it as a problem and also tried to council him on his behavior. There is poor inter-coordination in the New Zealand health institution. The patient needs were not met holistically. New Zealand have improved although it requires a lot more. References Brunner and suddarth, (2013). Textbook of medical and surgical nursing, 13th edition Fallon, M., ONeill, B., (2016). Principles of palliative care and pain control. Thebmj. Kassa, R., Kassa, G., (2014). Nurses Attitude practice and barriers towards cancer pain, management. Journal of cancer sciences. Vol. 6, pp. 483-487 Ministry of health. (2010). Adult literacy. Mishel, M., (2015). Uncertainty in chronic illness. Annual Review of Nursing Research. Vol. 17, pp. 269-294 National Advisory Council on health and disability (2007). Meeting the needs of people with chronic conditions. New Zealand Rehabilitation Association (2014) Palliative care Australia, (2016) Principles for palliative care in the end of life care. Rehabilitation strategy working party, (2014) Shaw, S., (2015). Professional Interpersonal relationship. Vol. 2, pp. 51-53 Smith, S., (2014). Hospice concepts: A guide to palliative care in terminal illness. Champaign, IL: Research press. The Australasian Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine (2014); The New Zealand Statistics, (2016) The Royal Australasian College of Physicians (2014). Vaughn, S et al., (2016) the competence model for professional rehabilitation nursing. Rehabilitation nursing. Ed. 41, pp. 33-44 Voshall, B., Dunn, K., Shelestak, D., (2013). Knowledge and attitudes of pain management. Pain management nursing vol. 14, pp. 226-235 Wiener, C., Dodd, M, (2017). Coping amid uncertainty: an illness trajectory perspective. Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing Practice. Ed. 7(1), pp. 17-35 Worden, J., (2015). The grief Counselling and grief therapy. World Health Organization. Rehabilitation. Retrieved on 6th October 2017 from https://www.who.int/topics/rehabilitation

20 More Smothered Verbs Set Free

20 More Smothered Verbs Set Free 20 More Smothered Verbs Set Free 20 More Smothered Verbs Set Free By Mark Nichol In the interests of trying to help prevent the smothering deaths of countless sentences, here’s a public-service announcement about how to avoid this senseless tragedy: If a noun phrase (verb plus preposition plus article plus noun, though variations are frequent) can be condensed by converting the noun to a verb and deleting the other words in the phrase, do it. It’s easy enough to write a sentence with a smothered verb I did it myself in a post last week (â€Å"The strategy has been a failure in reducing costs† is easily reduced to â€Å"The strategy failed to reduce costs.†) We’re likely to employ such sentence-stretching strategies in speech, but in writing, we have the opportunity to that is, we can make amends. Here are more examples: 1. See example above. 2. â€Å"The latter conclusion provides an example of the combination of risk factors at different levels.† â€Å"The latter conclusion exemplifies the combination of risk factors at different levels.† 3. â€Å"Call a stop to (or â€Å"put a stop to†) this nonsense.† â€Å"Stop this nonsense.† 4. â€Å"I’m glad they’ve come to an agreement.† â€Å"I’m glad they agree.† 5. â€Å"We’re here to conduct an investigation.† â€Å"We’re here to investigate.† 6. â€Å"They decided to conduct a review.† â€Å"They conducted a review.† (The original version is valid, however, if the review has not yet been conducted.) 7. â€Å"She conducted experiments into tearing the fabric of the space-time continuum.† â€Å"She experimented with tearing the fabric of the space-time continuum.† 8. â€Å"I’d like to extend an invitation for you to attend.† â€Å"I’d like to invite you to attend.† (Or, even more directly, â€Å"I invite you to attend.†) 9. â€Å"He didn’t give an indication of his plans.† â€Å"He didn’t indicate his plans.† 10. â€Å"They agreed to give consideration to his proposal.† â€Å"They considered his proposal.† 11. â€Å"I had a discussion with her about that very issue.† â€Å"I discussed that very issue with her.† 12. â€Å"We have a tendency to get carried away sometimes.† â€Å"We tend to get carried away sometimes.† (Or, even more directly, â€Å"We get carried away sometimes.†) 13. â€Å"Will the new policy have an effect on our procedures?† â€Å"Will the new policy affect our procedures?† 14. â€Å"They plan to hold a conference (or meeting) about the issue soon.† â€Å"They plan to confer (or meet) about the issue soon.† (Or â€Å"They will confer (or meet) about the issue soon,† though the meaning is slightly different.) 15. â€Å"The president is expected to make a statement about his opposition to the proposal later today.† â€Å"The president is expected to state his opposition to the proposal later today.† (The meaning is not identical, but the condensed sentence is valid.) 16. â€Å"I will make (or undertake) an examination of the premises immediately.† â€Å"I will examine the premises immediately.† 17. â€Å"The committee will perform an assessment of the situation.† â€Å"The committee will assess the situation.† 18. â€Å"We expect to realize a substantial savings.† â€Å"We expect to save substantially.† 19. â€Å"She stated with confidence that she will win by a landslide.† â€Å"She is confident that she will win by a landslide.† 20. â€Å"Are you interested in submitting an application?† â€Å"Are you interested in applying?† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Coordinating vs. Subordinating ConjunctionsWhenever vs. When EverOppose and Opposed To

Dementia Essays - Cognitive Disorders, Dementia, Free Essays

Dementia Essays - Cognitive Disorders, Dementia, Free Essays Dementia What is Dementia? Dementia is an organic brain syndrome which results in global cognitive impairments. Dementia can occur as a result of a variety of neurological diseases. Some of the more well known dementing diseases include Alzheimer's disease (AD), multi-infarct dementia (MID), and Huntington's disease (HD). Throughout this essay the emphasis will be placed on AD (also known as dementia of the Alzheimer's type, and primary degenerative dementia), because statistically it is the most significant dementing disease occurring in over 50% of demented patients (see epidemiology). The clinical picture in dementia is very similar to delirium, except for the course. Delirium is an acute transitory disorder. By contrast Dementia is a long term progressive disorder (with the exception of the reversible dementias). The course of AD can range anywhere from 1.5 to 15 years with an average of about 8.1 years (Terry , 1988). AD is usually divided into three stages mild, moderate, and severe. Throughout these stages a specific sequence of cognitive deterioration is observed (Lezak, 1993). The mild stage begins with memory, attention, speed dependent activities, and abstract reasoning dysfunction. Also mild language impairments begin to surface. In the moderate stage, language deficits such as aphasia and apraxia become prominent. Dysfluency, paraphasias, and bizzare word combinations are common midstage speech defects. In the severe stage the patient is gradually reduced to a vegetative state. Speech becomes nonfluent, repetitive, and largely non-communicative. Auditory comprehension is exceedingly limited, with many patients displaying partial or complete mutism. Late in the course of the disease many neuropsychological functions can no longer be measured. Also primitive reflexes such as grasp and suck emerge. Death usually results from a disease such as pneumonia which overwhelms the limited vegetative functions of the patient. Dementia is commonly differentiated along two dimensions: age and cortical level. The first dimension, age, distinguishes between senile and presenile dementia. Senile dementia is used to describe patients who become demented after the age of 65, whereas presenile dementia applies to patients who become demented prior to that age. Late onset AD (LOAD) also known as senile dementia Alzheimer's type (SDAT) is the predominant cause of senile dementia. Early onset AD (EOAD) is the most frequent cause of presenile dementia, but HD, Pick's disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease though not as frequent are also important causes in presenile dementia. The second dimension, cortical level, differentiates between cortical and subcortical dementia. Cortical dementia is used to describe dementia which results from brain lesions at the cortical level, whereas subcortical dementia describes dementia resulting from subcortical brain lesions. AD and Pick's disease are the best known examples of cortical dementia; whereas HD, Parkinson's disease (PD), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) are good examples of subcortical dementia (Mayke, 1994). Dementia with both cortical and subcortical features is also possible, in that case the term mixed dementia is used. MID is a common example of mixed dementia. Historical developments in dementia Pre-Modern Developments The use of the term dementia dates back to Roman times. The Latin word demens did not originally have the specific connotation that it does today. It meant 'being out of one's mind' and, as such, was a general term for insanity (Pitt, 1987). It was the encylopedist Celsus who first used the word dementia in his De re medicina, published around AD 30. A century later the Cappadocian physician Aretaeus first described senile dementia with the word dotage (i.e., "The dotage which is the calamity of old age...dotage commencing with old age never intermits, but accompanies the patient until death."). Curiously, dementia was mentioned in most systems of psychiatric classification throughout pre-modern times, though the precise meaning of the word is often unclear (Pitt, 1987). Nineteenth Century It can be argued that the origins of the scientific study of dementia date back to the early nineteenth century. The initial steps were undertaken by the great French psychiatrist Pinel at the beginning of that century. Pinel's observations led him to the conclusion that the term dementia should be applied in relation to the "progressive mental changes seen in some idiots" (Pitt,3). Furthermore, Pinel thought that dementia was a distinct abnormal entity, and thus he used the term dementia to designate one of the five classes of mental derangement. However, by applying the term dementia

The Rationale behind the Separation of Powers in the Australian Essay

The Rationale behind the Separation of Powers in the Australian Political System - Essay Example Almost all of them believe that the powers must be exercised by three distinct branches, namely, an executive, a legislature, and a judiciary. The rationale for this separation of powers is in part due to the assumption that it is wise for distinct powers to be used in distinct ways. Nevertheless, most significantly, the separation of powers is a means of regulating power, of preventing any single branch from becoming unduly powerful (Sharma and Sharma, 2000). Moreover, different nations have different thoughts on how to divide these three major government powers. It is not possible for one branch to become fully independent from the others because all belong to a single government. This essay argues that Australia’s partial separation of powers ensures a strong checks-and-balances mechanism and a rigid preclusion of authoritarianism. Overview The separation of the legislature, executive, and judiciary is a constitutional model that is rooted in the assumption that government is more effective if the various areas of governing are scattered among various entities that continue to be independent from each other. Advocates of the assumption normally recognise three government functions, namely, (1) law making, (2) law implementation, and (3) law interpretation-- which are the legislature, executive, and the judiciary, respectively (Smith, Vromen and Cook, 2006). Within the separation of powers, the autonomy of all the government branches is usually safeguarded by an established constitution, in order that no independent branch can lawfully infringe upon the powers of the others. In addition, according to Winterton (2006), such separation is established by prerequisites that constituents of one governmental institution cannot concurrently work in another institution and by safeguarding the term of constituents of one institution from intrusion by another institution. A prominent French scholar, Montesquieu, perfectly illustrated the rationale of the princip le of separation of powers (Sharma and Sharma, 2000, p. 548): â€Å"[T]here is no liberty, if the judiciary power be not separated from the legislative and executive. Were it joined with the legislative, the life and liberty of the subject would be exposed to arbitrary control; for the judge would be then the legislator. Were it joined to the executive power, the judge might behave with violence and oppression. There would be the end of everything, were the same man or the same body, whether of the nobles or of the people, to exercise these three powers, that of enacting laws, that of executing the public resolutions, and of trying the causes of individuals.† The separation of powers is a very old concept; nevertheless, it obtains its current importance from the contemporary interest in regulating governmental powers. Political scholars assumed that the public could be shielded from too much government power if the executive’s decisions had to be approved by an autonom ous legislature and may be questioned in autonomous courts. The contemporary form of separation of powers can hence be viewed as originating mainly from ‘liberalism’ instead of ‘democracy’ (Winterton 2006). Proponents of democracy at times claim that the law is supposed to represent people’s will, instead of representing a more intricate structure of separation of powers (Sharma and Sharma, 2000). In actual fact, political structures differ in the degree to which they divide powers and in the processes by which separation is attained. Contemporary liberal democratic regimes are influenced by the separation of powers principle. The separation of the three branches is a constitutional way of mitigating the existing difficulties of guaranteeing democratic governance. It contributes to a better

Dispersal and Regrouping of Migrant Communities Essay

Dispersal and Regrouping of Migrant Communities - Essay Example Diasporas are nothing but groups that migrants form on the basis of a shared homeland, culture, etc. Forming a diaspora is a way in which migrant communities regroup in a foreign country after getting dispersed in their homeland. Some of these diasporas are political, and have a huge role to play in the domestic politics of both the homeland and the host state as well as in international politics and foreign affairs of states; but again, some of these diasporas are apolitical, and their influence is limited only to culture- of both the host state and the homeland. This paper also discusses the political and cultural impacts of diasporas. For the purpose of writing this paper, a variety of sources have been used- books as well as the internet. It is hoped that the paper is conclusive in itself and satisfactorily explains everything that is important in the context of the dispersal and regrouping of migrant communities. Yann Martel, the Canadian author, says something in his Booker Prize-winning novel Life of Pi that is relevant here: " Why do people move What makes them uproot and leave everything they've known for a great unknown beyond the horizon Why climb this Mount Everest of formalities that makes you feel like a beggar Why enter this jungle of foreignness where everything is new, strange and difficult The answer is the same the world over: people move in the hope of a better life." ( 2001: 77) Yes, it is perhaps in search of a better life that people all over the world move. Changes in a country's political and economic situation can lead people to move from that country to another- all in search of a better life. Affluent countries in Europe and America are prime destinations for migrants from Third-World countries, evidently because they promise a better life. "Resurgent ethnic, religious and nationalist forces have emerged from the often violent disintegration of nation-states and their reconstitution. These new forces and other new features, like the revolution in global communications, have combined with prior social, economic and political pressures to generate new patterns of migration in the post-Cold War era. As a result, from being a relatively peripheral concern until recently, migration has since the late 1980s moved swiftly up the international agenda to become an issue of heated public debate." ( Van Hear, 1998) Questions such as who should be allowed to migr ate and the rights migrants should have are generating such debates. Xenophobia and racism have often made natural citizens of a particular country treat immigrants in a way that violates human rights- this is also a prime concern for the international community. Migration is nothing new. It has been happening for centuries- people moved from Europe to America when this continent was discovered, of course in search of a better life. Way back in the 16th century, the Mughals under Babur moved from West Asia to India- to conquer, yes, but ultimately in search of a better life. Even earlier, the Aryans moved from West Asia and surrounding parts of Europe to India- that too is an example of migration. But migration in the late 20th century and in the 21st century has assumed different proportions. Van Hear mentions what various commentators have

Poverty and the Welfare State

Poverty and the Welfare State Poverty and the Welfare State. Question 1 Describe critically Murrays analysis of the underclass. How does the population in the USA characterized by his use of this term differ from that in Britain. Question 2 In an essay of no more than 1000 words, outline and critically evaluate the view that the Welfare State tends to create more poverty than it has the ability to solve. your essay must include examples of state policies as well as consider the different ideologies of welfare in Britain Question 1. Murrays articles in the Times magazine in 1989 which outlined his thesis concerning the emergence of an underclass in the UK similar to the one he had already identified in the US has been one of the more controversial texts in social policy recently (Murray, 1989, 1990). Murrays central thesis is that the welfare state through the provision of benefits to unmarried mothers and the cessation of those benefits should these women marry has the effect of removing fatherhood and the influence thereof a father figure from the lives of these children (Murray, 1989). They in turn become dependent upon welfare and so a class of people is formed outside of the norms of wage earning society dependent wholly on the state for support (Murray, 1989). Before we discuss some of the criticisms of this view it is worth noting the peculiarities and differences between Murrays thesis as it relates to the US and the UK. In the first instance Murrays work in the UK is much less racialised than his identification of the population in the US (Murray, 1984). In the case of the US Murrays thesis and identification of the population comprising the majority of the underclass has been that it is a Black population. Murray then identified single black mothers as forming the core of the underclass. While this was a feature certainly still of his analysis of the British underclass it was not as strikingly so as his British version however the later versions of his thesis on the UK underclass also took on these racial overtones, (Murray, 1994). Murray can be criticized on any number of grounds but perhaps some of the most devastating criticisms can be found when we consider research which is actually undertaken on those who constitute the underclass rather than abstract theorizing about the underclass which denotes much of the vague definitions of what the underclass is meant to be (Alcock 1997). In this regard recent work by Edwards and Duncan (1997) for example has demonstrated the degree to which the stereotypes of the composition of the underclass do not match the realities of the lives involved. In their study of single women with children and their uptake of paid work they found that black single mothers living in positively regarded underclass areas (inner city areas of London for example) were more likely to seek work and to regard working themselves as being beneficial for their children (Edwards and Duncan, 1997:33). This was in contrast to single mothers from less predominantly underclass areas that held traditio nal views about rearing their children. These views emphasised the importance of caring for their children through being at home with them rather than outside the home in employment. Consequently the members of this group were much less likely to have work or to seek work or see work as a good. Thus the image of black single mothers creating an underclass through their rejection of a work ethic would seem to be unfounded. Thus even in this small instance fatal flaws in Murrays thesis can be identified, ultimately it can be said that the very vagueness of the definitions of what constitutes the underclass in the literature can it be argued be seen to be reflective of the fact that an identifiable object such as the underclass is impossible to define and serves merely as a critique of welfare arrangements and a moral attack on the nature of those who are marginalized by society. Question 2. With the collapse of communist states across the world in the 1980s a major perceived competitor to the market economy was removed with some like Fukuyama proclaiming it to be the end of history and the triumphant victory of liberalism (Fukuyama, 1992). In the UK as in other European countries of course the welfare state has mediated against the evils of capitalism as set out by Beveridge for some time, serving as Marxists had argued as a bribe of the working class and ensuring the legitimization and continuation of the welfare state (Mishra, 1990). It is not surprising then with all the past attacks on the nature of the welfare state to note that with the end of history there has come a renewed assault on the welfare state in the UK. Criticisms of the welfare state have come from both the left and the right but also crucially from the middle way of social democratic viewpoints. Almost consistent research has demonstrated the failure of the welfare state in reducing relative levels of poverty; in fact the UK today has a divide between rich and poor which is increasing quicker than at any other time in the history of the welfare state (Hills and Stewart, 2005). Thus it has become an almost consistent feature of debate that the welfare state has failed but the reasons given for this failure are completely oppositional. The two most prominent sources of these reasons have been neo-liberalists and social democratic parties. For neo-liberalists the evils of the welfare state far outweigh the evils of the free market so in discussing the view that the welfare state creates poverty it is worth recounting their views on the failings of the welfare state. At the core of many of the arguments thus against the welfare state are notions of desert. Desert is seen as a principle of morals and thus the failings of the welfare state in this respect is a moral failure which in turn leads to the moral turpitude of those the welfare state attempts to help (Lavalette and Pratt, 1997). This moral attack on the poor and the perceived institutions which has lead to their poverty is of course nothing new (Thane, 1992). Since the Poor Law state welfare arrangements have been criticized for the creation of a mentality which is seen to encourage indolence and decrease motivation towards self-sufficiency. The reliance on welfare thus leads to unwillingness to seek work. This in turn has the effect of leading to increased taxation to support those unwilling to work. This then in turn leads to increased difficulties for employers in terms of paying higher salaries to counter higher taxation and so on into a vicious cycle of dependency (Hayek, 1990). Such a trend it is argues lay at the heart of the Oil Crises and the subsequent retrenchment of the welfare state in the UK and elsewhere. Thus for the neo-liberal critique it is the totality of the welfare state which not only fails in reducing poverty but also serves to in fact create more. It does this both in a structural sense by hindering the effective operation of the market but also by creating in those who are recipients of welfare a mentality which causes them to retreat from the fundamental basics of economic life in seeking employment. Thus for neo-liberals measures such as Income Maintenance support schemes serve to create a duality of factors leading to the increase of poverty. Reform of the welfare state for neo-liberalists must be done so that only the bare minimum of services are required for those who are truly in need, such as the young, aged or infirm, (Fitzpatrick, 2001). Amidst these criticisms the welfare state in the UK has undergone revisions also from its social collectivist roots. This may be surprising but we can view this a response to critiques of the welfare state from both left and right and hence theyre emerged consequently an articulation of a Third Way, (Giddens, 1994). This Third Way was to be a radical re-conceptualisation of the basis and functions of the welfare state. As such then it can be seen that New Labour in particular has followed in the footsteps of Thatcher towards reforming the welfare state. But how effective have these reforms been and what is their basis? Perhaps the most potent of these transformations has been in a shift away from the universalism of the early welfare state to a new selectivitist philosophy. Selectivism entails the targeting of benefits through such measures as means-testing and other income threshold schemes so as that ideally those that need it the most benefit from the specified arrangement (Lowe, 2005). If anything their effect on the poorest has been marginal as these people are already in receipt of benefits and the introduction of means tests has had little impacts. Instead a stealth reform of the welfare state has occurred and those who were on the margins, previously covered by the benefit are now excluded on the basis of their income being over thresholds, even if this is just marginal, (Esping-Anderson, 2002). Thus we can argue that this selectivist based reform of the welfare state has worsened life for many by removing the safety net for all that existed previously under a universalist system. What this means in other words is that the Third Way of Labour has in actuality enhanced and widened the gaps between rich and poor and made the effects of poverty worse their reforms in favour of making the welfare state more effective. The pace and scale of the gap and its widening between rich and poor can be considered in this light. Indeed this notion of effectiveness found in much of social policy discourse can often be seen as simply cost-cutting exercises. The effects of which are leading to a situation where it is arguable that we have now seen neo-liberalism by the back door with major consequences for UK policy treatment of both poverty itself and those living in poverty. References Alcock, P. (1997); Understanding Poverty, Palgrave, Basingstoke UK Edwards, R. and Duncan S. (1997); Supporting the Family: Lone Mothers, Paid Work and the Underclass Debate; Critical Social Policy, Vol.7 No. 4 Esping-Anderson, G. (2002); Why We Need a New Welfare State, Oxford University Press, Oxford UK Fitzpatrick, T. (2001); Welfare Theory: An Introduction, Palgrave, Basingstoke UK Fukuyama, F. (1992); The End of History and the Last Man, Penguin, New York US Giddens, A. (1994); Beyond Left and Right: The Future of Radical Politics, Stanford University Press, California US Hayek, F.A.V. (1990); Economic Freedom, Blackwell, Oxford UK Hills, J. and Stewart, K. (2005); A More Equal Society, Policy Press, Bristol UK Lavalette, M. and Pratt, A. (1997); Social Policy: A Theoretical and Conceptual Introduction, Sage, London UK Lowe, R. (2005); The Welfare State in Britain since 1945, Palgrave, Basingstoke UK Mishra, R. (1990); The Welfare State in Capitalist Society, Harvester Wheatsheaf, New York US Murray, C. (1984); Losing Ground: American Social Policy 1950-1980, Basic Books, New York Murray, C. (1989); Underclass; Sunday Times Magazine, 26th November Murray, C. (1990), The Emerging British Underclass, IEA, London UK Murray, C. (1994); Underclass: The Crisis Deepens; The Sunday Times, 29th May Thane, P. (1982); The Foundations of the Welfare State, Longman, London UK

Motivation Problem

On our assembly lines, we were trying to implement a new design that required radically new methods to assemble to the product. At the same time the operators were locked in negotiations with the management for a pay scale review. We had to come up with ways to get the operators to be motivated to start assembling the new designs. In a vehicle assembly line, feedback you get from the operator Is extremely Important when it comes to usability of a product assembly process.Manufacturing engineers design the processes In their head (especially for products that are not yet physically available for use) and hence need the operators to start using the prototype machines and facilities and start coming out with constructive feedback that lists the Improvements that workers feel will make their life easier and the production quality and volume targets can be met. But when the worker Is disengaged due to other considerations on his mind, coming up with constructive criticisms Is very difficu lt.Actually, criticisms were shared of the new facilities and processes but they are shared in a very destructive manner. Here we have a management that is demanding that the workers change their currently comfortable work environment (at least the one which they are now used to) and take up completely new processes which may or may not be beneficial to them while being engaged in a pay dispute. Based on the findings about what drives people, usually when the money is off the table autonomy, master and purpose are the key factors.The traditional carrot and stick approach may have worked before where the work involved was highly mechanical as there was no thinking necessary due to years of practicing one type of process. But here the workers had to get used to a completely new process and they had to suggest improvements. Management has a target to limit the pay increase while still maintaining morale and motivation for the worker. They had to add incentives within the pay agreement that allowed them some flexibility in the rates while keeping the workers happy.Motivation Problem By makeover designs. In a vehicle assembly line, feedback you get from the operator is extremely important when it comes to usability of a product assembly process. Manufacturing engineers design the processes in their head (especially for products that are not yet that lists the improvements that workers feel will make their life easier and the production quality and volume targets can be met. But when the worker is criticisms is very difficult. Actually, criticisms were shared of the new facilities and

Establish the genre and themes of the film Essay

How does the opening sequence of â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† try to capture audience interest and establish the genre and themes of the film? â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† has a very effective opening sequence, the first four minutes set the story of the movie, giving you an idea of what’s to come. â€Å"Romeo & Juliet† is believed to have been written around 1595 by William Shakespeare. The story is about a pair of star-crossed lovers. Two teenagers pursue their love for each other despite the fact that their families have been at odds with each other for decades. It is directed by Baz Lurhman who immediately captures the audience’s attention whilst establishing the film’s genre and themes using different methods. Baz Lurhman uses lighting and colour to capture the audience’s interest. â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† starts with a black background and a Television coming closer to the camera with a newsreader. The black focuses the audience’s attention onto the newsreader and what she’s saying. Colour symbolism plays a key part in this film and is already demonstrated by the newsreader. The reporter wears red perhaps signaling love, danger and passion. Behind the newsreader is a sky blue screen, giving a feeling of coldness. Also Capulet and Montague are associated with red and blue. Colour symbolism is also demonstrated a lot in the opening sequence with grey, white, black, blue and red being the most common colours used. The colours grey, white and black are used in the clips of the newspapers with the black and white perhaps used as a contrast showing good versus evil or opposing sides. The grey can be interpreted as the families merging as white mixing with black makes grey or showing that the battles between the families isn’t as straight forward as it may seem. Another frequently used colour is red, the cross between Romeo and Juliet’s name is red maybe indicating that there is blood shed, tragedy and passion between them. Romeo and Juliet’s names are white on a dark background, which in a way could be emphasizing their innocence in a dark corrupting world. The different family names (Capulet and Montague) are coloured as red and blue. Different lighting techniques are used alternate between day and nighttime adding dramatic effects to the beginning, in the daylight the consequences of the feud can be seen e. g. people fighting, with guns etc. Strobe lighting is used to create the effects of police lights on the family’s faces of Romeo and Juliet, which is extremely effective and realistic reflecting modern day life. The next tactic used by Baz Lurhman to attract the audience’s attention is sound. The sounds helps set the atmosphere especially the music which keeps up with the images displayed on screen, the more dramatic the shots the more dramatic the music. For example when violent pictures are being shown the music becomes louder and faster. The music is exceptionally effective as the change of pace/dynamics in the music engages the audience’s attention. The sounds used are both diagetic and non-diagetic, the voiceover and music is diagetic and the helicopter, newsreader are non-diagetic which adds to the realism of the opening sequence. The voiceover featured in â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† is very realistic, serious and atmospheric. The man reads out a phrase from â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† summing up the story of the film, the extract is portrayed in three ways in the form of dialogue and writing. The repetition of the prologue may be for emphasis, the director would have seen this as an important extract for the audience so portrayed it in different ways as, different things appeal to different people. Another important part of sound is when the imagery of the guns are shown a choir boy sings a high note which could be interpreted as a scream, perhaps subtlety implying the hurt that has been caused by the feud. In the opening scene Baz Lurhman sets a lot of narrative clues and themes by showing different clips. A theme of violence is apparent with a lot of imagery of guns and police. In a way Baz Lurhman may have been trying to reflect modern day American society with guns being a common object on the streets as the film is also set in modern day New York. Another clear theme is religion; the film is Christian based (catholic), this is apparent by the statues of Mary and Jesus placed between the two families, the cross between the name’s of Romeo and Juliet as well as the person shown in the clips wearing a veil. It is noticeable that there is rivalry between the two families, both businesses on the opposite sides of the street and that there is a war/conflict going on not just involving the family indicating that both families have power and authority as they have influenced people to take their sides. Editing is an essential part of the opening sequence to attract the audience’s attention. The director Baz Lurhman edits the opening shots of the movie so the audience are introduced to the plot and characters (apart from Romeo and Juliet) before the film even begins. Jump shots are used at a very fast pace to reflect the speed of events in the play. There are variable scene lengths used to focus the audiences attention e. g. some scenes are long like when introducing characters compared to the shorter scenes when fast clips are shown of violence. Shots are interchanged very quickly e. g. shots of the statues which are then relegated to the background in a way the director is setting themes in context for the audience. Scenes of pure text and visuals are also used to reinforce messages through different perspectives e. g. dialogue, newspaper or action etc. as different people take in information in different ways. In a way it is the directors way of getting people to keep up with what is happening in the film. Baz Lurhman also uses mis-en-scene to help capture the audience’s attention and establish genres and themes of the film. Shots are often straight and centered to emphasise things clearly e. g. the statue of Jesus in closed into but is shown dwarfed by skyscrapers maybe showing a theme of religion versus business. This is a trend throughout the opening scene helping to classify major themes in the film such as police versus crime and Capulets versus Montagues. The use of news and media in the starting scene highlights how big a scale the feud has. The news and media are used to set the scene and to tell the audience what has happened so far in the film. Newspaper headlines are thrown into view of the camera with text from the original play, this may interest people in different ways gaining attention from them. Another tactic used with the media to gain the audience’s attention is right at the start of the film. The newsreader’s voice begins minimalist and muted but getting louder to focus the audience on language. Whenever text is used in the beginning it is always put in it’s own frame to emphasise importance. Frames of later scenes in the film, which are violent and disturbing, are juxtaposed with shots of e. g. a choirboy in a church singing maybe signifying that innocence is evil, corruption and danger. The majority of shots are filmed at night perhaps Baz Lurhman was being symbolic emphasizing darkness. Fireworks are also caught in one frame symbolizing passion, fury and anger in the plot. When the director is introducing the characters, there is one freeze frame for each character all in time with the music to focus the audience’s attention. Introducing each of the characters and unwinding their lives in the opening scene is helpful to gain the audience’s attention and to keep them interested. The audience is given clues to the current family situation e. g. the skyscrapers at opposite ends of the street with the family names written on them- â€Å"Capulet and Montague† hinting at opposing sides. Also when the voice over is talking about â€Å"two foes† the images of the parents come across the screen. It is shown in the newspapers that the two families are the centre of media attention, leading the audience to understand what extraordinary and special lives they must live. It is also interesting the way Romeo and Juliet are portrayed in the newspaper picture, it is the only real time that you see them properly in the opening scene and they are shown as children. This may be a tactic used by Baz Lurhman to emphasise to the audience how innocent and victimized Romeo and Juliet both are. The only other real time you see Romeo in the opening scene is him hiding and shying away from the outside world, again emphasizing him as a victim of his families feud. The parents of Romeo and Juliet when introduced, all seem to be in the middle of the action yet not included perhaps indicating that the feud has got so out of hand not even the Capulets or Montagues can control the situation. When all the characters are introduced they all seem very solemn and not portraying any emotion. But this isn’t the case for Dave Paris. When he is introduced he is happy, well dressed and purposely made different by Baz Lurhman to make him stand out to look like the hero of the film. Mercutio is also made different when introduced, he is a different race from everyone else indicating his uniqueness as he is showing true emotion at the same time. He is shown on a dry, isolated landscape demonstrating his distant from the involvement of the feud taking place in the city. Another key character in the introduction is the police officer; he is shown involved in the middle of the action, but is wearing a uniform signifying authority and discipline. There is also colour symbolism involved in the characters, Romeo’s mother has red hair, which may be an indication of her personality as people with red hair are said to be more passionate and quick tempered. This is also the case with clothing, the father’s of Romeo and Juliet show no emotion and are dressed normally, but with the mother’s of Romeo and Juliet although they show no emotion on their face but it is portrayed through their clothing. The mother’s clothing tends to be more flamboyant and colourful indicating to the audience distress. Baz Lurhman effectively captures the audience’s attention throughout the opening scene using all these different methods. At one point in the opening scene you are shown an aerial view of the city and I feel that this is an essential scene. After the aerial view of the city is shown a violent, busy, intimidating clip of modern street life within the city is shown demonstrating that the city is complex and dangerous. Even though â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† is four hundred years old, it still relates to modern society.

Democracy Promotion By The Eu And Democratization Via...

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